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| 1961 |
| | | Joshua Nkomo founds ZAPU, the Zimbabwe African People's Union, in the British colony of Southern Rhodesia | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti makes his operatic debut in Reggio Emilia, as Rodolfo in La Bohème | |
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| 1961 |
| | | US astronaut Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space, with a suborbital flight in Freedom 7 | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Arthur Miller writes the screenplay for The Misfits for his wife, Marilyn Monroe | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Caribbean novelist V.S. Naipaul features his Trinidad family in A House for Mr Biswas | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Two French generals, Raoul Salan and Edmond Jouhaud, form the OAS (Organisation de l'Armée Secrète) to preserve French rule in Algeria | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Rafael Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic for the past 30 years, is killed by a machine-gun attack on his car | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Commonwealth opposition to apartheid causes South Africa to leave the organization and become a republic | |
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| 1961 |
| | | US author Joseph Heller publishes his first novel, Catch-22, set in the last months of World War II | |
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| 1961 |
| | | British choreographer John Cranko becomes director of the Stuttgart Ballet | |
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